NOTE: Email will work in the Outlook app, but calendar and contact syncing will not.
NOTE: Due to how Apple has designed its system, you will be prompted to enter your email and password multiple times. Please enter the same information each time and do not skip any prompts.
Your email should now be fully set up in the built-in Mail app.
If you wish to make this your default email, calendar, or contact account, you can go into Settings → Mail / Calendar / Contacts and set the default account. If this is the only account on your device, it should already be set as default automatically.